The bronze birch borer (Agrilus anxius) is beetle that is slender and metallic olive-bronze or copper colored. Adult male bronze birch borers are 1/4″ to 3/8″ long with a greenish head, and the female is 1/3″ to 1/2″ long with a copper or bronze head. The larvae have a slender, flattened, white body and light brown head. The bronze birch borer lavae grow from 1/16″ to 1 1/2″ in length.
The larvae of the bronze birch borer feeds on the phloem and cambium layers just under the bark, blocking transport of water and nutrients between the root system and the leaves. Extensive damage can kill roots, branches and entire trees, especially when trees are stressed by drought, old age, other insect damage, injuries or poor soil conditions. The bronze birch borer attacks all birch species and sometimes juniper and apple trees.
Trees grow a callus over the tunnels of the bronze birch borer, causing ridges, swellings or bumps on the surface of the bark. Adult bronze birch borers chew a “D” shaped hole in the bark when leaving the tree. These holes are filled with sawdust and may be stained reddish colors by tree sap.